What is Pockels effect? How is it used in the LN intensity modulator? 2. Derive the transfer function of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, considering voltages +V and -V applied to the top and bottom arm, respectively. 3. If we bias the modulator at Vquad+ and apply an RF signal of amplitude ( ) and frequency 1 kHz, how does the output look like? 4. Repeat question 3 for the case of DC bias being Vnull