• What is the importance of triangulation in these two studies
• Analyze the corresponding sections that address the trustworthiness and the validity of the study

IssuesofTrustworthiness

Introduction

Dawidowicz (2016) explained that there are issues of trustworthiness in a phenomenological study that include things such as (a) viewing the participant's experiences on a surface level instead of giving the shared experience the depth which would honor the data, (b) using bias to interpret the data could negatively impact the integrityofdatacollection,and(c)nottruthfullyacknowledgingwhattheactual datasays to benefit a result. Furthermore, trustworthiness issues were managed by audio-recording the interview, collecting enough data, and consenting to ample time to code the data rather than rush through its analysis. Critical criteria that addressed issues of trustworthiness were (a) credibility, (b) transferability, (c) dependability, and (d) confirmability and reflexivity. The following section discusses each of these briefly as they directly impacted this study. In addition, parish and ethical considerations will be communicated.

Credibility

Credibility is the alignment between what the participant states and the precision withwhichtheresearcherreports theconversationalinterview duringdatacollection.Itis a truthful and accurate account of the experiences shared by the participant and taken directly from their words. Strategies to accommodate credibility included member checking or triangulation (Bloomberg & Volpe, 2019). Member checking occurs once the data has been transcribed from the recorded interview and shown to the participant allowing them to read the interview contentandverify thattheyhavebeencorrectlyrepresented(Terrell,2016).Inthisstudy, a member check occurred once the interview was transcribed. There were multiple review sessions and edits for each transcript. This ensured it was accurate and checked for correctness before my data analysis.

Triangulation is used for vetting information and requires the researcher to look from both an "emic" and "etic" mindset (Bloomberg & Volpe, 2019; Terrell, 2016, p. 167). For this study, I accomplished triangulation by looking at my data from two perspectives.Forexample,Ivieweddatafrombothinsiderandoutsiderviewpoints.The insider view permitted empathetic depth and understanding, while the outsider view granted the ability to connect with potential other sources. For instance, outsider relatedness wasmade fromcombining a need foradditionaltraining if it found a lack of mental health training for clergy leaders.

Transferability

Transferability is the connection made from the study's data to describe context-applicable findings. This transfer of information is done more generally. However, the researcher is still asked to demonstrate the essential features, including thick and descriptive richness and relevancy of the data and findings (Terrell, 2016). According to Nowellet al.(2017), "generalizabilityofinquiry" meansthatitisunknownwhomayuse this study's findings in future research. Still, the relevancy of transferability to otherareas is essential to show (p. 3).

For this study, depth and vividness in the results were managed by not cutting backontheexactwordsandaddingdifferentangles basedonwhatthedatasaid.Inso doing, the interview provided the detail from the interview exploration, where participants were intentionally chosen and encouraged "transferability of the inquiry" (Anney, 2014, p. 278).

Variationinparticipantselection isessentialfortransferability.Eventhoughthe number of participants was small,intentionally selected participants brought forth their experiences, and these experiences represented various regions and degreesof clergy knowledge that helped build thisstudy. In addition,each participant conveyed their unique parish culture, and the cultural awareness added a dimension of depth to the data angles.

Dependability

Dependabilityisthesystem thatdepictsthefindingsthat canholdoutagainst time. It can be managed by peer examination and triangulation. Additionally, dependability means that the data that is being collected answers the research questions (Bloomber& Volpe, 2019). In this sense, dependability was managed because interview questionsdirectly relatedtoeachofthethreeresearch questionsets aligned with the semistructured interview. According to Bloomberg and Volpe (2019), there are waysin which datacan be tracked(a)documentation,(b)logic,and(c)traceability.Documentationmeansthatall notes were clear and maintained verbatim.Logic insinuates that the science of thought followedthe point and need for thisresearch study.Traceability explained that the notes,transcripts,and data were all well-preserved andcouldbe observed clearly and replicated by other researchers in the future.

ConfirmabilityandReflexivity

Confirmability indicates a secure line of establishment that can be easilytracedfromthefindings thataredirectly movedfromthedata.Triangulation, bracketing, and audit trailing can manage this essential element. Another highlighted element important in a qualitative phenomenological design is reflexivity or an inquiry approach. This is viewed as the continual examination and clarification of how II as the researcher, influenced the overall project from design through to the interpretation of the findings. Transparency made the processclear,whiletheconstantcheckofthe rationale fordecisionsmadeit continually necessary.

Triangulation,Bracketing,andAuditTrails

Triangulation, bracketing, and audit trails supported and managed issues with trustworthiness. Bracketing was used to code biases and my own experiences without influencing the participant or the data. This was especially important in phenomenology becauseitsecured awaythatthecontext ofanxietyremained attheheart of the data collection process. Triangulation meant using multiple sources like peer debriefingto cross-check my data analysisand coding. Italso added other perspectivesto authenticate the entirety and complexity of the phenomenon of anxiety and clergy leadership counseling. Peer debriefing secured an additional professional attitude throughout the entire process. An audit trail allowed my notes and transcripts to beprotected and available should future researchers wish to duplicate this study.

ThreatstoValidity

Research studies that have strong validity typically offer better quality. However, threats to validity reduce the quality of the study. Consequentially, researchers should develop a plan to address threats when possible (Burkholder et al., 2016). Changes to a measuremaycauseadangertointernal validity.Therefore,Iselectedcriteria forthis proposed study that were validated for a specific population based on using the full measure. Using particular subscales of the action may decrease the instrument's validity (Burkholder et al., 2016). I also reviewed the individual subscales of each measure during the selection process to ensure that they were individually validated to maintain the internal validity of the instrument. The sampling selection method for participants may also threaten internal validity (Burkholder et al., 2016).

Participants were selected using snowball sampling through Facebook. However, social media recruitment may prevent older individuals from participating in the study if they do not have a Facebook account. I attempted to recruit eligible participants onFacebookoutside theChurchonSundays, through TherapyonMondays, and through the Facebookgroupto access additional participants.

External threats to validity were also considered to determine how this study's results could be generalized to other studies (Burkholder et al., 2016). I specifically focused on adult African Americans in the Black Church. Therefore, it may beappropriatetogeneralizetheresultstoasimilar population.Additionally,thesetting associatedwiththesurvey deliverymayalsocreatethreats toexternalvalidity(see Burkholder et al., 2016). The study's results may differ from possible results receivedfrommoretraditionalsettings, suchasaphysicalchurch location. Hence,Iused valid and reliable instruments to address this external threat to validity.