What is the meaning of the title Index we Trust?

Why are index funds colloquially labeled as dumb funds?

What is meant by the article as the Vanguard effect?

Why has there been a massive shift of funds from active to passive ones?

Research as to why or what contributes to the fact that most actively managed equity funds are underperforming the benchmark over the long term?

Given that most actively managed funds are underperforming their respective benchmarks, is there a role or a future for actively managed funds?

What is the usual trust fee/management fee for Index funds here in the Philippines? Compared to the US, are the local management fees for index funds reasonable?

What are the pros and cons of investing in a passive index fund?

What is meant by chasing returns?

What are some of your key takeaways for these 2 articles?