What is the present value of: (Use a Financial calculator to arrive at the answers. Enter all values as positive. Round the final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

a. $9,700 in 9 years at 9 percent?

Present value $

b. $31,000 in 4 years at 10 percent?

Present value $

c. $40,000 in 15 years at 10 percent?

Present value $

d. $1,000 in 40 years at 17 percent?

Present value $