What is the relationship between transfer payments and gross domestic product?

a$.$ Transfer payments are not included in GDP because they are forms of income.

b$.$ Transfer payments are included in GDP because goods and services have been produced in the transfer.

c$.$ Transfer payments are not included in GDP because goods and services have not been produced in the transfer.

d$.$ Transfer payments are included in GDP because they represent the production of transfers of goods and services to foreign countries.