What rules or acts can be applied in any of the following cases? Explain briefly? (All cases are the story of the same employee)

1-The employer dose not let the employee leave work to take his children home, though he has asked for taking a leave the week before, on that day which was Monday and his usual working hour was already finished. The manager said he could not take that leave as Monday was closing for the company and he was needed for the inventory.

2-The employee in case 1, above, has applied for a promotion as a general manager six months ago, he has not been invited for the interview and the invitation has been given to someone else who has been in an equal condition.

3-There is a manager who has repeatedly said that he does not like the employee in the case 1, and has avoided contacting him the interaction kept in minimum.

4-Since the employee in case 1, has left work to reach his children, he is considered as insubordinate and has received a termination letter on the first day when he comes to work after the story in case one happens. (It seems there has been a plot to send him out)

It's important to note here that the company had a policy which said that anyone wanting to take a leave needed to inform the immediate supervisor at least two weeks before the leave. Another important thing to note here is that during the days of inventory employees were not allowed to take leave especially those in managerial positions.