What should the defendants in each of the follow- ing cases be found liable for? a. Auctioneer sells stolen goods. Judkins v. Sadler- MacNeil, 376 P.2d 837 (Wash. 1962). B defendant race steward posted security guards to prevent Plaintiff race horse owner from retrieving his horse from race grounds and required that the horse be raced against the owner's wishes. Jamgot- chian v. Slender, 170 Cal. App. 4th 1384 (2009). c. Plaintiff owns a tract of land on a hill. Defen- dant discovers the entrance to a cave on the land adjoining his own. The cave extends a considerable distance under Plaintiff 's land. Defendant develops the cave, advertises it, and conducts tours through it. Edwards v. Sims, 24 S.W.2d 619 (Ky. 1929). d. Defendant touches a woman in an indecent manner, Skousen v. Nidy, 367 P.2d 248 (Ariz. 1961). e. Defendant threatens Plaintiff with an unloaded gun. Allen v. Hannaford, 244 P. 700 (Wash. 1926). f. Plaintiff, a supervisor at an insurance com- pany, terminates an employee because he threatens another employee with a hand- gun. Immediately after his termination, the employee begins stalking Plaintiff, making "hang-up telephone calls, sending unsolic- ited merchandise to her home, and making death threats." She asks for help from Defen- dant's company but is denied assistance and told to call the police. The man is ultimately arrested for stalking and criminal harass- ment. Plaintiff feels Defendant's company failed to take steps to make her work envi- ronment safe. Snead v. Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Co., 909 F. Supp. 775 (Ore. 1996). g. Defendant, a police officer, observes Plain- tiff 's dog running loose in violation of the city's "dog leash" ordinance. When Defen- dant demands that Plaintiff produce her driver's license or go to jail, she refuses to do so, although she does volunteer her name and address. Defendant arrests her, charging her with a violation of the dog leash ordinance. Enright v. Groves, 567 P.2d 851 (Colo. Ct. App. 1977)