What, then, are the salient features of a trust when created and maintained as a medium for the carrying on of a business enterprise and sharing its gains which may be regarded as making it analogous to a corporate organization? A corporation, as an entity, holds the title to the property embarked in the corporate undertaking. Trustees, as a continuing body with provision for succession, may afford a corresponding advantage during the existence of the trust. Corporate organization furnishes the opportunity for a centralized management through representatives of the members of the corporation. The designation of trustees, who are charged with the conduct of an enterprise, who act "in much the same manner as directors" may provide a similar scheme, with corresponding effectiveness. Whether the trustees are named in the trust instrument with power to select successors, so as to constitute a self-perpetuating body, or are selected by, or with the advice of, those beneficially interested in the undertaking, centralization of management analogous to that of corporate activities may be achieved. An enterprise carried on by means of a trust may be secure from termination or interruption by the death of owners of beneficial interests and in this respect their interests are distinguished from those of partners and are akin to the interests of members of a corporation. And the trust type of organization facilitates, as does corporate organization, the transfer of beneficial interests without affecting the continuity of the enterprise, and also the introduction of large numbers of participants. The trust method also permits the limitation of the personal liability of participants to the property embarked in the undertaking.

Question 1

Is albumin infusion contraindicated in nephrotic syndrome? If not, then

what are the indications?

Question 2

Listed under the drug causes of nephrotic syndrome, it has been

stated that high doses of captopril can induce an immune-complexmediated membranous glomerulonephritis. If a patient with nephrotic

syndrome has hypertension, is it detrimental to give captopril as a

treatment for his hypertension? Could this exacerbate the patient's

nephrotic syndrome?115

Question 3

Please explain the pathophysiology of ascites in the nephrotic

syndrome?

Question 4

Does the nephritic syndrome cause hyperkalaemia? I don't seem

to be able to find a definitive answer in the textbooks that I have

consulted.

Question 5

You say that the investigation of first choice for urinary tract infections

(UTIs) in males or children, or recurrent UTIs in females, is intravenous

urography (IVU); in Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine it is ultrasound

(US). Which is best?

Question 6

1. Other than amoxicillin, what other orally administered drug is

recommended for the treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI)

caused by enterococcus?

2. What is the recommended dosage for antibiotics in the prophylactic

treatment of recurrent UTI in pregnancy? Is amoxicillinclavulanic

acid safe to use during pregnancy?

Queston 7

1. What clinical information can be obtained by checking the blood urea

nitrogen (BUN) level that cannot be obtained by checking the blood

urea and serum creatinine alone?

2. What is the signifying difference between blood urea and BUN?

Question 8

1. Does uraemia cause dysentery with blood and mucus mixed with the

stools?

2. Is it correct to use the term 'uraemic dysentery'?

3. Does uraemia cause finger clubbing?

Question9

What are the causes of a low serum creatinine?

Question 10

Why does oliguria occur in the early stages of acute tubular

necrosis (ATN)?

Question 11

Is renal impairment induced by lithium therapy in bipolar affective

disorders irreversible? How often does it occur?

Question 12

Can you please explain why a patient with chronic renal failure (CRF)

might present with either oliguria or polyuria