When a child has more than $2,300 of unearned income (income from interest, dividends, or capital gain distributions) in 2022:

the child must file their own return and all of their income is taxed at the rate for estates and trusts

some of the child's income may be subject to the tax rate of the parents

all of the child's income is taxed at a flat 20%

the income of children is not taxed until it exceeds $11,500

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