When a Sec. 444 fiscal-year election is made, the S corporation makes required payments to the IRS in order to continue to use the fiscal year as its tax year. Which of the following statements about the tax year is correct?

A. The Sec. 444 payments are refundable if the S election is terminated.

B. The Sec. 444 payment is allocated ratably to each shareholder and claimed as a tax payment on their own tax return(s).

C. The Sec. 444 payment is deductible by the S corporation as an income tax.

D. The Sec. 444 payments must be made quarterly on the same dates that the S corporation's estimated tax payments are otherwise due.