When does a federal issue that is embedded in a state law claim arise under federal law for federal question jurisdiction? 

 a) When the state law claim necessarily raises a federal issue that is actually in dispute.

b) When the federal issue is significant, substantial, or important. 

c) When granting federal jurisdiction must not disturb any congressionally approved balance of federal and state judicial responsibilities. 

d) When the requirements of answers a, b, and c are met.