1. When Intel develops a strategy whereby they develop and introduce a newer, higher margin microprocessor chip every 12 months and send the older models down the industry food chain to feed demand at lower price points (their new chips can sell for as much as a $1,000 apiece), they are using which of the following pricing strategies?

   	a.	Market-saturation pricing
   	b.	Market-skimming pricing
   	c.	Market-layer pricing
   	d.	Planned-obsolescence pricing
   	e.	Market-segmentation pricing