When it comes to disruptive innovations, which of the following is NOT a reason that big/established firms fail?

Select one:

a.They do not dedicate resources to developing the potential technology since these markets do not look attractive

b.Competency trap

c.Start-ups amass expertise quickly and big firms are forced to play catch-up

d.They build a portfolio of options on emerging technologies, investing in firms, start-ups, or internal efforts

e.Failure to see disruptive innovations as a threat