When would a convertibility feature be exercised by a bondholder?

Describe the basic features of each of the following types of bonds:

1. Mortgage bonds
2. Debentures
3. Subordinated debentures
4. Equipment trust certificates
5. Collateral trust bonds
6. Income bonds

Explain the differences between par value, book value, and market value per share of common stock. Discuss the various stockholder rights.