Where the actions of a person convey the impression to a third party that he or she has given authority to a particular person to act as their agent a) the agent has actual authority and the contract is of binding legal effect. b) a contract negotiated by such an agent does not have to be ratified by the principal at a later time. c) third parties may assume that the agent has authority to bind the principal until notice to the contrary has been given to the third party. d) the agent may be liable to the principal for acting under implied, but not actual authority. e) a, c, and d