which of the followiing can be used in an example of the "income effect" as a tool in explaining the downward slope of the demand curve for a normal product?

a higher price of a given constitutes a lower purchasing power of goods and services.

a higher price of a given product directs the consumer to demand more from the other substitutable products.

a higher price of a given product directs the consumer to demand less from the other substitutable products

none of the above