Which of the following actions will NOT have an effect $($either positive or negative$)$ on the likelihood of a user in

your database receiving the error message "snapshot too old"?

a$.$

The value for the parameter UNDO$\_$RETENTION is increased.

b$.$

The value for the parameter UNDO$\_$RETENTION is decreased.

c$.$

Applications that produce long$-$running reports are scheduled to run at night so they don't interfere with interactive user queries during the day.

d$.$

The number of redo log file groups is increased from $2$ to $3.$

e$.$

Interactive users querying a table always add FOR UPDATE at the end of their SELECT $,$ even if they seldom perform an UPDATE command on those rows.