Which of the following actions would result in a successful tort action by the person or persons wronged? Assume that all the persons involved learn these facts.

Select one:

a.A store detective stopped Joan after she left the shop because he saw her leave with candy she didn't pay for. She had slipped the unpaid-for candy into her pocket. He detained her for 20 minutes until the police came.

b.Ed became sick from consuming too much alcohol that he had purchased from the store.

c.Mr. Meen wrote a letter to the editor of the Vancouver Sun in which he criticized the mayor of Vancouver.

d.An accountant accurately prepared the financial statements of a corporation that he knew would be used by a potential investor, Mr. Lam. Lam, relying on the statements, invested $10 000 and lost it all.

e.When Jed accidentally dropped a board and broke Al's glasses, Al threw a cup at Jed, but Jed saw it coming and moved away in time to avoid being hit.