Which of the following are disadvantages of participative budgeting?

Select one or more:

i. Those creating the budget may be out of touch with day-to-day activities

ii. higher spending targets which will result in a reconciliation process

iii. budgets which are not in-line with corporate objectives

iv. Departments may look for resources that just dont fit into the budget.

v. increased ownership of the budget

vi. Lower management does not have to take time to prepare the budget

vii. increased understanding, communication and commitment on behalf of managers

viii. Increases goal congruency and concentration on corporate objectives

ix. too much focus on department objectives