Which of the following are internal forces for change in an organization? Check all that apply. [J changes in the work climate O workforce diversity [ clobalization Managing ethical behavior Resignation of key decision makers [l strikes or walkouts Technological change O Changes in employee expectations Target Corp. has been aware of rising labor costs for some time. In order to deal with these costs, the company is going to add automatic cash- counting machines to nearly 2,000 of its stores. This is because it comes from a deliberate decision to change the organization. an unplanned change Source: Massauer, 5. Target, Walmart automate more store tasks, d from https:/ S wwwnwesi.com/articles target-walmart-automate-meore-store-tasks- a planned change 133045300 Identify what force for change is causing the change in each of the examples that foliow. Employee Example Expectations Crisis Technology Howard Schultz, the executive chairman of Starbucks, stepped down from his pesition in June of 2018, This change, along with shrinking sales figures, caused the company's stock to drop from approximately 57 at the beginning of June to 49 at the beginning of July. O Artificial intelligence (AI) is creating key changes in companies today. For example, some financial companies are using Al to determine which stocks to include in portfolios. Metflix and other high-technology companies in the Silicon Valley have relatively young employees. A recent study showed that the average employee age for ACQL, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Salesforce was under 30 years old. Because such employees place a high priority on time away from work, many high-tech companies are changing their vacation policies, in some cases offering employees unlimited vacation days. 2. The scope of change Suppose that you run a bank and you decide to merge with a financial services company so that you can offer your customers stocks as well as simpler investment tools, such as checking and savings accounts. When the merger occurs, you will have to restructure your company so that you don't have duplicate efforts and so all of the employees in the new company have clearly defined work goals. This is an example of w because you will move the company from an old state to a new state durning a controlled period of time. incremental change isadvantages that external change agents bring to the change process? Check sil that apply. strategic change e a good understanding of the organization's political system transformational change ed with suspicion by organizational members Which of the following are disadvantages that external change agents bring to the change process? Check alf that apply. [l They may not have a good understanding of the organization's political system O They may be viewed with suspicion by organizational members O They are very cautious about implementing change They can be powerful change leaders if perceived as trustworthy Identify the reason why each of the two people in the following examples is resisting change. Rahan has been a manager at Art World for the past six years. Lat week, his manager, Fred, told him that the company was decentralizing its operations and that employees would be making many managerial decisions from here on out. Rahan is disturbed by this change because he likes being in charge and doesn't want to have that taken away from him. Why is Rahan resisting change? ) Fear of the unknown O Politics O Fear of loss ) Fear of failure Hei-Ran comes from Korea, and she's only been in the United States for 1 year. In Korea, Hei-Ran learned a respect for authority, and she would never dream of contradicting someone who is higher in the organization than she is. But Hei-Ran's boss has put heron a team and told her that she is expected to offer her own ideas, regardless of what she thinks her manager wants her to do. Hei-Ran is not comfortable with this idea, and she's thinking of leaving the company. Why is Hei-Ran resisting change? ) Personality ) Fear of disruption of interpersonal relationships ) Cultural assumptions and values ) Fear of failure Suppose that you manage a group of four interior designers. You know that the designers all have lunch together every day and that they often get together outside of work. You want the designers to start using a new computer program when completing their plans. How should you help them prepare for this change? Check all that apply. [C] Make sure that the designers do not talk about the new computer program unless you are present. O Pay attention to the information the designers are sharing in their informal communications with each other O] Let the designers know that using the new computer program will allow them to do their work 20% more quickly. [CJ Educate the designers on the new computer program. v.cenaaoe.com/dashboard/2/mv-account/orders 4. Lewin's change model Management at Work Advertising agencies are having a tough time these days. On one hand, traditional advertising has a glorious past, but on the other, today's advertising agencies need to readjust their structure and strategies for a digital age. The choice between going digital and staying with a more traditional approach is shown in the following diagram as a force-field analysis, with the factors for change on the left and the factors against change on the right. The numbers in parentheses represent the strength of each factor, and you can select "Total\" to see a visual representation of the combined effects of change. Meed for change Barriers to change Real time ads for unpredictable Lack of digital skills {-15) audience (+10) Increased, non-traditional competitors (+5) Specialized, obsolete skills (-15) Memories of past success (-5} Customer interactivity expectations (+20) Agencies with traditional structures {-20) Speed of change (+5) Commissions associated with traditional Loss of traditional advertising outlets (+5) advertising (-10) Total Total Use your knowledge of force-field analysis and the diagram to answer the following questions. Which of the following factors would lead an ad agency to change in this situation? Check all that apply. Customers expecting highly interactive advertising Not having digital skills The loss of traditional advertising outlets The traditional structure of most advertising agenciesAccording to this force-field analysis, change OCCUR will not The CEO of AA Ads just came to you and said for us to the CEO to: willThe CEO of AL Ads just came to you and said, "It's time for us to go digital. What should I do first? According to force-field analysis, you should tell the CEO to: () Talk to the agency employees about the loss of traditional advertising outlets ) Restructure the agency O Forbid employees from talking about the agency's past successes () Help employees focus on beating their nontraditional competitors According to Lewin, what is the third step in the change model? () Refreezing ) Unfreezing ) Change unfreezing P LA changing o refreezing During the w stage of change, managers might confront employees with clear evidence that the company's current performance is not competitive. ) Change refreszing Duri w stage of change, managers might confront employees with clear evidence that the company's current performance is not comj| unfreezing kn use surveys to determine how their employees feel about proposed changes before they happen. These surveys are distributed in the w stage of Lewin's change model. ack to Assignment force field analysis ) managing resistance to change Lewin's change model 5. Is organization development needed? o organization development Applying behavioral science theory and research to increase organizational effectiveness is known as In order to understand the skills and competencies employees need to make a change during organization development, managers must performAnswer 0D Intervention bl Process Consultation n Management by Objectives Quality Programs Definition A. Use this method to have managers and employees agree on employee goals and to make sure that employees get the feedback they need to achieve those goals. B. This technique, developed by Edgar Schein, helps managers and employees to improve things like communication, conflict resolution, decision making, group interaction, and leadership within the organization. C. The Toyota Way is one version of this approach. It is based on continuous improvement and respect for people. 'eam building is particularly challenging in what kinds of teams? () Manager-led teams ) self-managed teams i () Quality teams O virtual teams 7. Individual organization development techniques Which of the following influences the success of an organization development change technique? Check all that apply. Top management commitment to change O The technique used The organization's readiness for change The competence of the change agent This technique helps people to clarify their psychological contracts with each other and it should result in a better understanding between two parties. O Job redesign O Role negotiation O Wellness programs O Executive coaching