Which of the following are not reasons to involve lower management in making business decisions?

Select one:

A. Allows upper management to concentrate more on overall strategy and business development without being involved in the minutia of the day-to-day operations

B. Provides on-the-job training to less-experienced managers, allowing them to make mistakes and grow

C. Encourages job satisfaction among lower-level employees

D. Allows managers to set expectations for their departments, without having to consider the goals and capacity of other departments

E. All of the above are reasons to involve lower management