Which of the following are symptoms you will tend to see if a firm has misinterpreted architectural innovation as component or modular innovation?

$($Select ALL that apply$)$

a$.$

Managers are unsure of what existing architectural knowledge can be retained and what needs to be replaced

b$.$

The firm is reluctant or unable to redirect time and resources to the new approach $($often the firm is still reliant on the revenue generated by the old approach$)$

c$.$

Change is being interpreted through existing, usually effective, frameworks $($e$.$g$.$ capital allocation processes, capacity planning$)$ and explained by making links to previous events

d$.$

Legacy processes and systems $($e$.$g$.$ IT systems$)$ hinder the transitioning to a new architecture

e$.$

The firm makes rational choices to serve the needs of it's best customers for whom the new approach does not offer the required performance

f$.$

The firm does not possess the competencies needed to make the change and can not obtain them