Which of the following best describes the Log$4$j vulnerability?

$1.$

A SQL Injection Vulnerability where an unauthenticated, remote attacker could exploit the flaw by sending a specially crafted request as part of the Host header.

$2.$

A Path Traversal Vulnerability where an unauthenticated remote attacker ccould exploit the flaw by sending a specially crafted request containing a path traversal sequence to a vulnerable endpoint.

$3.$

A flaw in a Java library for logging error messages in applications that could allow attackers to execute code remotely on a target computer, steal data, install malware or take control.The vulnerability may give hackers enough of a foothold within a system to install ransomware.

$4.$

A Server Side Request Forgery Vulnerability where an unauthenticated remote attacker could send a specially crafter HTTP request to a Vulnerable Exchange Server.