Which of the following best represents the causes of crime, according to Shaw and McKay's ecological analysis?

Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer.

a

Lack of ties to the conventional order will increase the likelihood of association with deviant peers.

b

Deviance will be highest in disorganized communities that lack social controls.

c

Personal controls, particularly those provided by the family, are extremely important.

d

Historical trauma is the greatest influence in criminological engagement.