Which of the following descriptions of the history and present of consumption and consumerism is false? Question 9 options: In the past, some religious belief-systems disapproved of reckless consumption and accumulation of material wealth, and instead encouraged hard work and saving as ends in themselves. The "consumer" did not appear at the same time as markets and a modern economy; rather, people had to be retrained to see their happiness as being tied to expenditure of money and acquisition of goods. Mainstream economics today is founded on the idea of the consumer as sovereign - as a rational, self-interested subject, who seeks to maximize their utility and pleasure. In pre-modern, "traditional" societies, spending money and acquiring goods was seen as the ultimate expression of individuality, in which everyone could partake without restriction and as they pleased - regardless of the group they belonged to