Which of the following did the Phoenicians NOT accomplish? [Question may have multiple answers]

a.Establishing trading colonies on the southern and western rim of the Mediterranean

b.Developing an alphabet that provided a simplified record of spoken languages

c.Retaining their political autonomy as a vassal state of the Neo-Assyrian Empire

d. Exploiting innovations in shipbuilding that allowed them to carry huge cargoes throughout the Mediterranean.

e. Securing their territorial frontiers to isolate themselves from foreign invaders