Which of the following is a nonprime rationing scheme by which a situation where the demand for health care services exceeds the supply might be addressed?

1. Let long lines and waiting times help balance supply and demand. Those willing to stay in line stay, those who aren't leave.
2. Let the children and elderly get care first, and then the middle-aged, and then young adults.
3. Let the quality of customer service deteriorate.
4. All of the above.