1. Which of the following is an example of special damages?

a) loss of life expectancy

b) pain and suffering

c) ambulance costs

d) loss of enjoyment of life

1. what must the defendant prove in order to establish the defence of justification?

a) the defendant believed the statement was true.

b) the statement didn't refer to the plaintiff

c) the statement was substantially true

d) the defendant didn't intend to harm the plaintiffs reputation