Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of decentralization?

A. Decentralization does not foster managerial expertise since upper level managers manage less.

B. Decentralization does not empower upper-level managers to focus on strategy because they are too busy managing lower-level managers.

C. Upper-level managers with more knowledge about lower-level managers' areas of responsibility are further away from the day-to-day decisions.

D. Lower-level managers may have an opportunity to make decisions in their own best interest without considering the overall health of the company.