Which of the following is not a motivating factor for a firm to expand internationally?

Question $1$ options:

All of the answers are motivating factors for a firm to expand internationally.

Exploring the potential for Reverse Innovation. This allows businesses in developed nations to offer adequately functioning versions of their products to developing countries at a low cost.

Optimizing the location of Value$-$Chain Activities. This can produce benefits such as reducing costs, reducing risk, and enhancing the performance thereof.

Taking the opportunity to learn. This can produce benefits such as improving managerial practices, functional skills, and organizational processes, among other things.