Which of the following is not a reason for investors to prefer capital gains as opposed to dividends?

a. The Tax Code encourages investors to prefer capital gains, which for single taxpayers earning less than $400,000 and married taxpayers filing jointly earning less than $450,000 are taxed in 2013 at a maximum rate of 15%.

b. If a stock is held by someone until he or she dies, there is no capital gains tax due on the date of death.

c. Capital gains are just as certain as dividends.

d. Taxes on capital gains are not paid until the stock is sold.

Also, please explain why.