Which of the following is not a true statement?

a$.$ Database design refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and

b$.$ Data is the foundation of facts, which is the bedrock of information and knowledge.

c$.$ A database is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection user$-$data and metadata.

d$.$ Data redundancy exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.