Which of the following is not a true statement with regard to section 1983 actions?

a)The action must have been taken pursuant to the authority of law or "color of law."

b)There must be a deprivation of a constitutional or other right established by law.

c)If an action is not authorized by the official's supervisor, the official will not be acting under "color of law."

d)The action of the official was the cause of the deprivation of the constitutional right.