which of the following is true in economics?

there is a shortage (excess demand) of a good when the quantity suppliers exceeds the quantitiy demanded or when the market price is above its equilibrium level

consumers surplus is the area between the market demand curve and the market price when the market demand curve is above the market price.

economics is a physical(natural) science that studies the scarcity and choice problems.

the equilibrium in a competitive free market occurs when the quantity demanded of a good exceeds the quantity supplied of that good.