Which of the following is true with regards to the concept of Linear Trend?

• it is a long-term increase or decrease in a time series in which the rate of change is relatively constant
• it is a trend line with time as the independent variable
• typically measures the behavior of one variable overtime
• all of these
• none of these

Which of the following is true with regards to the concept of Cyclical Components? (Multiple Answers)

• a wave-like pattern within the time series that repeats itself throughout the time series
• it is used in economic and business cycle analysis
• the patterns will differ from industry to industry
• it is shown as a straight line
• it has a recurrence period on more than one year
• all of these
• none of these

Which of the following is true with regards to the concept of Random Components?

• they are changes in time-series data that are unpredictable and cannot be associated with a trend, seasonal, or cyclical component
• from the aggregate perspective they are thesame as the Cyclical Components
• they can be accounted for with better forecasting techniques
• should be ignored
• all of these
• none of these

The base value is the value to which all other values in the time-series sequence are compared:

• True
• False

Which of the following is true with regards to the concept of Exponential Smoothing?

• it is a time-series and forecasting technique that produces an exponentially weighted moving average
• each smoothing calculation or forecast is dependent on all previously observed values
• the smoothing constant is called alpha
• the damping constant is called beta
• all of these
• none of these