Which of the following refers to punitive damages?

They are damages that courts award to punish the breaching party and to deter wrongful behavior in the future.

They are damages awarded to the party that is injured by a breach of contract, for damages that are foreseeable but an indirect result of the breach.

They are damages for nonperformance that are stipulated in a clause in the contract.

They are damages designed to place the non$-$breaching party in the same position economically that the party would have enjoyed had the terms of the contract been performed.