Which of the following should be treated as an incremental cash flow when computing the NPV of an investment?

a. A reduction in the sales of a companys other products caused by the investment.

b. An expenditure on plant and equipment that has not yet been made and will be made only if the project is accepted.

c. Costs of research and development undertaken in connection with the product during the past three years.

d. Annual depreciation expense from the investment.

e. Page 196Dividend payments by the firm.

f. The resale value of plant and equipment at the end of the projects life.

g. Salary and medical costs for production personnel who will be employed only if the project is accepted.