Which of the following situations is not a valid exception to the principle of privity?

A. Agent creates a contract for Principal and Customer. Customer believes Agent acted fraudulently and wants to sue both Agent and Principal.

B. Landlord sells the property to Owner but Tenant has a valid lease from Landlord. Tenant wants to sue Owner to stay.

C. Abe hires Barb to mow Carl's lawn. Barb does not and Carl wants to sue Barb.

D. Earl has a life insurance policy and dies. Acme Insurance refuses to pay. Bob the beneficiary wants to sue.

E. Settlor creates a trust to benefit Son. Son thinks Trustee is misusing funds and wants to sue.