Which of the following statements about PE ratios is correct?

		a. If the required return for shareholders decreases, it will cause the PE ratio to increase.
		b. Without considering changes to price, if EPS decreases, it will result in a lower PE ratio.
		c. The payout ratio and the PE ratio are inversely related
		d. If the dividend growth rate increases and the retention ratio decreases, then the PE ratio will decrease.