Which of the following statements about quality of earnings is NOT correct?

a) A company's real quality of earnings can be revealed by spotting and removing any anomalies, accounting tricks, or one-time events that skew the numbers.

b) Quality of earnings is the percentage of income that is due to higher sales or lower costs.

c) Firms that report positive net incomes have higher quality of earnings than those that report losses.

d) Tracking activity from the income statement through to the balance sheet and cash flow statement is a good way to gauge quality of earnings.