Which of the following statements about sport places and spaces is false?

Question $3$ options:

Sports stadiums can be described as "panoptic" due to their capabilities for surveillance and monitoring of attendees.

The public costs of stadium building are generally balanced by the economic benefits to their host cities and local businesses.

The earliest stadiums were built to enclose and privatize popular outdoor sport events, forcing spectators to pay admission charges to watch.

Spectator sports today are increasingly mediated and experienced through virtualized images and visual technologies, even when they are attended in$-$person.