Which of the following statements accurately describes characteristics of the measure 1 (which is the proportion of corporate tax claimed by shareholders) in the context of calculating the effective corporate tax rate (te)? O (a) Higher levels of 1 imply a lesser tax advantage associated with interest tax shields. O (b) A company that has a higher proportion of non-resident investors would - all other things being equal be expected to have a higher value of 1. O (c) Under a pure classical tax system, where all distributed profits are effectively double-taxed, 1 is effectively equal to 1. O (d) More than one of the above statements are correct. (e) None of the above statements are correct