Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences or similarities between a brute$-$force attack and a dictionary attack? Select two.

a$.$

A dictionary attack uses a much wider range of candidate digests than a dictionary attack.

b$.$

Brute force is an offline attack whereas a dictionary attack is an online attack.

c$.$

A dictionary attack compares plaintext whereas a brute$-$force attack compares hash values.

d$.$

A dictionary attack is a variation of an offline brute$-$force attack.

e$.$

Dictionary attacks are successful due to poor password policies.