Which of the following statements concerning differences in capital structures and financing alternatives around the world is correct?

a. In most countries, the capital gains taxes paid by investors are substantially higher than in the United States.

b. In most countries, neither the interest nor the dividends firms pay are tax deductible.

c. Bank loans to businesses are of little amounts in foreign countries.

d. The threat of potential bankruptcy is high in firms that are primarily financed with equity than in firms that are financed with bank loans.

e. In many countries, the costs to monitor companies' debt are lower than in the United States because foreign firms use substantially greater amounts of bank loans to finance assets than do U.S. companies.