Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

a. One of the advantages to financing with preferred stock is that 70% of the dividends paid out are tax deductible to the issuer.

b. A major disadvantage of financing with preferred stock is that preferred stockholders typically have supernormal voting rights.

c. One of the disadvantages to a corporation of owning preferred stock is that 70% of the dividends received represent taxable income to the corporate recipient, whereas interest income earned on bonds would be tax free.

d. The preemptive right is a provision in all corporate charters that gives preferred stockholders the right to purchase (on a pro rata basis) new issues of preferred stock.

e. Preferred stock is normally expected to provide steadier, more reliable income to investors than the same firm's common stock, and, as a result, the expected after-tax yield on the preferred is lower than the after-tax expected return on the common stock.