Which of the following statements is false?

a$.$ Manual query optimization is an operation mode that requires the end user or programmer to define the access path for the execution of a query.

b$.$ Static query optimization is a query optimization mode in which the access path to a database is predetermined at run time.

c$.$ Automatic query optimization is a method by which a DBMS finds the most efficient access path for the execution of a query.

d$.$ Dynamic query optimization is the process of determining the SQL access strategy at run time, using the most up$-$to$-$date information about the databas