Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a.

Under the law on documentary credits, a buyer's duty to open a letter of credit in time is usually a condition precedent to the seller's duty to ship the goods

b.

A buyer who undertakes to open a letter of credit in accordance with the terms of a contract of sale will instruct its bank as to what documents must be presented by the beneficiary seller

c.

A bank that has paid, contrary to the instructions for the issue of a documentary credit, has no recourse against the applicant buyer

d.

Under the UCP600, the beneficiary is defined as the person in whose favour the letter of credit is issued

e.

If there has been a breach of a contract of sale which gives rise to a claim against the seller, a bank may refuse to pay the seller under a letter of credit