Which of the following statements is most correct?

a$.$ The market value of a bond will always approach its par value as its maturity date approaches, provided the issuer of the bond does not go bankrupt.

b$.$ If the Federal Reserve unexpectedly announces that it expects inflation to increase, then we would probably observe an immediate increase in bond prices.

c$.$ The total yield on a bond is derived from interest payments and changes in the price of the bond.

d$.$ Statements a and c are correct.

e$.$ All of the statements above are correct.