Which of the following statements is not true about database performance tuning?

a$.$ It refers to a set of activities and procedures designed to reduce the response time of the database system.

b$.$ It optimizes system components to obtain the best throughput possible with additional resources.

c$.$ It ensures that an end$-$user query is processed by the DBMS in the minimum amount of time.

d$.$ The database designer must ensure the design makes use of the features in the DBMS that guarantee the integrity and optimal performance of the database.