Which of the following statements is true?

a. By virtue of relative purchasing power parity, if the expected inflation rate in Country X = the expected inflation rate in Country Y, then the nominal exchange rate will remain unchanged.

b. If the nominal interest rate is 8.50% and the expected rate of inflation is 4.35%, then the exact real interest rate according to the Fisher equation is 4.15%.

c. Spot transactions can be settled in the same number of days as a forward transaction.

d. The AUDs value rises against the Turkish lira when real interest rates in Turkey are higher than those in Australia,